
在樓梯(ti)(ti)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)當中(zhong)(zhong),安裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)經常由于(yu)一(yi)個(ge)問題出錯:樓梯(ti)(ti)尺(chi)寸。因為(wei)裝(zhuang)修設(she)計(ji)圖(tu)上的層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)和建(jian)(jian)筑結(jie)(jie)構(gou)圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)的高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)是不一(yi)樣的,建(jian)(jian)筑結(jie)(jie)構(gou)圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)的高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)不含裝(zhuang)飾(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的厚度(du)尺(chi)寸,需(xu)要另外(wai)計(ji)算(suan)。一(yi)個(ge)樓梯(ti)(ti)設(she)計(ji)師對(dui)于(yu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)經常不加考慮的使用(yong)了建(jian)(jian)筑結(jie)(jie)構(gou)圖(tu)的層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)(gao),而沒有(you)計(ji)算(suan)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的因素(su),所以為(wei)了避免此類錯誤,裝(zhuang)修工(gong)(gong)應該首(shou)先用(yong)墨線(xian)彈出裝(zhuang)飾(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du),然(ran)后(hou)測(ce)量人(ren)(ren)員需(xu)要對(dui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)重新測(ce)量。
彈墨線(xian):將墨線(xian)在(zai)豎直(zhi)方(fang)向向下平(ping)移(yi)150,就得到墨線(xian),墨線(xian)與墨線(xian)在(zai)豎直(zhi)方(fang)向上的距離;就是梯級模板高度(150)。
彈梯極(ji)模(mo)板線(xian)有下(xia)兩種方法(fa):
1、利用水平尺;
2、將墨(mo)線或墨(mo)線九等(deng)(deng)分(即踏步(bu)數),然(ran)后,由(you)各(ge)等(deng)(deng)分點作垂直線,就(jiu)可以得到各(ge)梯級的模板線。
彈豎直(zhi)墨(mo)線:在樓梯(ti)尺(chi)寸梁內(nei)側墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)上彈兩(liang)條(tiao)豎直(zhi)墨(mo)線;間距為9個踏(ta)步的寬(kuan)度(du);即300×9=2700()。同樣在樓梯(ti)梁另一端墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)上,也彈兩(liang)條(tiao)豎直(zhi)墨(mo)線(在剖面(mian)(mian)圖中,只(zhi)能看到墨(mo)線、)。在立上層樓梯(ti)模板前,均應將墨(mo)線、用錘球或經緯儀引至上層墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)上,這樣可(ke)將樓梯(ti)梁上下(xia)控制(zhi)在廣條(tiao)直(zhi)線上,保(bao)證踏(ta)步寬(kuan)度(du)尺(chi)寸一致。
彈(dan)斜墨(mo)線(xian):首先應求出(chu)(chu)梯(ti)(ti)段板(ban)(ban)底(di)與樓(lou)梯(ti)(ti)梁交線(xian)的標(biao)高,求此(ci)(ci)標(biao)高需(xu)用(yong)到樓(lou)梯(ti)(ti)坡(po)度和梯(ti)(ti)板(ban)(ban)厚度1,然(ran)后求出(chu)(chu)梯(ti)(ti)段板(ban)(ban)與梯(ti)(ti)梁交接處的厚度2,其中坡(po)度=150/300=0.5,梯(ti)(ti)板(ban)(ban)厚度1=80,而(er)2用(yong)勾(gou)股定理根據比例就可(ke)以簡單(dan)地算(suan)出(chu)(chu),也就是梯(ti)(ti)段底(di)模板(ban)(ban)上平位置,點的標(biao)高為(1.48-0.15-0.089)=1.241,點的標(biao)高應該為-(0.020+0.089)=-0.109。連接、就是墨(mo)線(xian)。將計算(suan)出(chu)(chu)的標(biao)高標(biao)注(zhu)在放線(xian)圖上,以備施工時使用(yong)。依此(ci)(ci)可(ke) 求出(chu)(chu)其他梯(ti)(ti)段所需(xu)標(biao)高。
彈斜墨線(xian):從標高為-0.02的水平線(xian)與(yu)墨線(xian)交點(dian)向(xiang)上量出(chu)一個(ge)踏步高度(150);得點(dian)。將(jiang)點(dian)與(yu)標高為1.48的水平線(xian)和墨線(xian)交點(dian)連(lian)接起來,就是墨線(xian)。同樣(yang)也彈出(chu)上面梯段的墨線(xian)。
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